Résumé : Topological full groups are a way to build interesting examples of groups using dynamical systems, in particular, examples of infinite simple groups with various finiteness properties. In this talk, I will introduce topological full groups and explain why I find them interesting to study. I then will explain how I have used the framework of topological full groups to understand a class of groups of piecewise linear bijections that generalise Thompson's group V, which were introduced by Melanie Stein.